Prework Study Guide

HTML

The head element contains information about the webpage.
The body element represents the visible content shown to the user.
The DOCTYPE declaration tells the browser what type of file it is working with.
HTML elements usually consist of opening and closing tags, and any content in between.
HTML tags are represented with angle brackets: <>.
HTML attributes appear in beginning tags and provide additional information about an element.

A CSS rule consists of a selector, followed by a declaration block.
More than one selector, separated by commas, can be used in a single rule.
* is the wildcard selector that selects all elements.
Classes of elements can be selected by prepending a period.
Each declaration consists of a property and a value.
A margin indicates how much space we want around the outside of an element.
A padding indicates how much space we want around the content inside an element.

git status: checks which branch we are currently on
git checkout -b branch-name: creates a new branch and switches to it
git add -A: adds all changes to the staging area
git commit -m "brief desription": commits staged files
git pull origin main: brings in changes from the main branch of the remote repository
git push origin branch-name: sends out changes to a branch of the remote repository

A variable is a named container that allows us to store data in our code.
Control flow is the order in which a computer executes code in a script.
A conditional statement looks like this: if (/* condition */) {/* code */;}
A for loop looks like this: for (/* index assignment */; /* condition */; /* increment */) {/* code */}
A function definition looks like this: function() {/* code */;}
= is the assignment operator, used to assign a value to a variable.
== is the equality operator, which attempts to convert objects of different types before comparing.
=== is the strict equality operator, which considers operands of different types to be different.
The Number data type uses floating point numbers, and can only reliably handle integers of magnitude less than +/- 2^53.
The BigInt data type, whose members are written as numbers postpended by an 'n', can handle integers of arbitrary magnitude.